Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells Build the fuel cells of the future with this cutting-edge material Alkaline anion exchange membranes (AAEMs) are cutting-edge polyelectrolyte materials with growing renewable energy applications including fuel cells, batteries, hydrogen electrolyzers and electrodialysis technologies. Their use in relatively new alkaline exchange membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) is designed to produce cost-effective clean energy (electricity) produced by a chemical reaction. Rigorous studies are being conducted to meet the requirements of AAEMs precisely tailored for high anion conductivity and durability for future high energy efficient devices. Hence, over the past few years the academic and industrial scientific communities have explored various polymeric, composite and inorganic materials and studied their properties as a potential AAEM. The accumulated literature in this area of investigation is vast and in order to provide the community with the tools needed to strive forward, there is a clear need to condense this information in a single volume. Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells meets this need with a comprehensive overview of the properties of these membranes and their applications. The book considers recent developments, common challenges, and the long-term prospects for this field of research and engineering. It constitutes a one-stop resource for the development and production of AAEM fuel cells and related electrochemical applications. Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells readers will find: Discussion of electrochemical applications like redox flow batteries, water electrolysis, and many moreDetailed treatment of specially tailored cationic groups such as quaternary ammonium and guanidiniumExpert advice on efficient fabrication and electrode assembly Alkaline Anion Exchange Membranes for Fuel Cells is ideal for electrochemists, materials scientists, polymer chemists, electrical engineers, and anyone working in power technology or related fields.
In "Robuste Lieferketten in unsicheren Zeiten" zeigt ein Team engagierter, erfahrener Betriebsstrategen praxisnah auf, wie Sie die Lieferketten Ihres Unternehmens durch einen unerbittlichen Fokus auf Resilienz zukunftssicher machen knnen. In diesem Buch erfahren Sie anhand von 5 Geschäftsprinzipien, wie Sie den Schwerpunkt Ihres Unternehmens von "niedrigen Kosten" auf "geringe Volatilität" verlagern knnen, um Ihr Unternehmen vor Angebots- und Nachfrageschocks zu schützen, die mit Pandemien, Kriegen, Arbeitskämpfen und Handelskonflikten einhergehen.
Außerdem erfahren Sie mehr über:
- Beispiele aus der Praxis von Unternehmen, die durch die Umsetzung der von den Autoren empfohlenen Veränderungen langfristige Wettbewerbsvorteile erzielen.
- Warum es besser ist, langfristige, für beide Seiten vorteilhafte Beziehungen zu zuverlässigen Lieferanten aufzubauen, als immer die billigste Option zu wählen.
- Wie ein erneuter Fokus auf Vielfalt und neue Arbeitsweisen belastbare Betriebsteams schaffen kann, die Ihren Kunden einen Mehrwert bieten.
"Robuste Lieferketten in unsicheren Zeiten" ist ein Buch, das Manager, Führungskräfte, Geschäftsführer, Unternehmer, Fachleute aus den Bereichen Operations und Lieferketten und alle anderen, die an einem reibungslosen Betrieb ihres Unternehmens interessiert sind, unbedingt lesen sollten, da dies eine der grßten Herausforderungen darstellt, mit denen sich moderne Unternehmen weltweit auseinandersetzen müssen.
Enables readers to understand core concepts behind organic polymers and their multifunctional applications, focusing on environmental and sustainable applications Organic Polymers in Energy-Environmental Applications provides comprehensive coverage of polymerization and functionalization of organic polymers, followed by innovative approaches, sustainable technologies, and solutions for energy and environmental applications, including environmental remediation, energy storage, corrosion protection, and more. Edited by five highly qualified academics with significant experience in the field, Organic Polymers in Energy-Environmental Applications includes discussion on: Characteristics and emerging trends of organic polymers, and organic polymers in imaging industries and curable coatingsAntifouling technology based on organic polymers and wearable technology featuring multifunctional sensor arrays in biomedicineOrganic bio-adhesive polymers in filter technology, nano-architectured organic polymers, and market dynamics of organic polymer-based technologiesOrganic and inorganic modifications of polymers, pollutant removal via organic polymers, and biodegradable organic polymersLife cycle assessment of organic polymers, applications of organic polymers in agriculture, and future outlooks of the field With complete coverage of organic polymers, a topic of high interest due to their numerous practical applications ranging from membranes to super capacitors, Organic Polymers in Energy-Environmental Applications is an essential resource for polymer and environmental chemists, materials scientists, and all other related researchers and professionals interested in the subject.
Finally meeting the need for a laboratory manual on human genetics, this practical guide is the perfect companion title to all major standard textbooks on the subject. The authors all have a high-level research background and are actively involved in teaching and counseling.
Based on a standard curriculum in human genetics, each chapter equals one practical unit of the course and topics range from basics in human inheritance to genetics in major disease clusters and from bioinformatics and personalized medicine to genetic counseling.
Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection Discover the keys to radiation protection in the fourth edition of this best-selling textbook A variety of atomic and sub-atomic processes, including alpha, beta, and gamma decay or electron ejection from inner atom shells, can produce ionizing radiation. This radiation can in turn produce environmental and biological effects both harmful - including DNA damage and other impacts of so-called `radiation sickness' - and helpful, including radiation treatment for cancerous tumors. Understanding the processes that generate radiation and the steps which can be taken to mitigate or direct its effects is therefore critical in a wide range of industries and medical subfields. For decades, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection has served as the classic reference work on the subject of ionizing radiation and its safeguards. Beginning with a presentation of fundamental atomic structure and the physical mechanisms which produce radiation, the book also includes thorough discussion of how radiation can be detected and measured, as well as guide-lines for interpreting radiation statistics and detailed analysis of protective measures, both individual and environmental. Now updated by a new generation of leading scholars and researchers, Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will continue to serve global scientific and industrial research communities. Readers of the fourth edition of Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection will also find: Detailed updates of existing material, including the latest recommendations of the ICRP and NCRP Treatment of current physiokinetic and dosimetric models All statistics now presented in SI units, making the book more globally accessible Atoms, Radiation, and Radiation Protection is a foundational guide for graduate students and researchers in health physics and nuclear physics, as well as related industries.
Understand the energy storage technologies of the future with this groundbreaking guide Magnesium-based materials have revolutionary potential within the field of clean and renewable energy. Their suitability to act as battery and hydrogen storage materials has placed them at the forefront of the world's most significant research and technological initiatives. It has never been more essential that professionals working in energy storage and energy systems understand these materials and their extraordinary potential applications. Magnesium-Based Energy Storage Materials and Systems provides a thorough introduction to advanced Magnesium (Mg)-based materials, including both Mg-based hydrogen storage and Mg-based batteries. Offering both foundational knowledge and practical applications, including step-by-step device design processes, it also highlights interactions between Mg-based and other materials. The result is an indispensable guide to a groundbreaking set of renewable energy resources. Magnesium-Based Energy Storage Materials and Systems readers will also find: In-depth analysis of the effects of employing catalysts, nano-structuring Magnesium-based materials, and many more subjectsDetailed discussion of electrolyte, cathode, and anode materials for Magnesium batteriesSnapshots of in-progress areas of research and development Magnesium-Based Energy Storage Materials and Systems is ideal for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, solid state chemists, electrochemists, and chemical engineers.
Verständnis und Kontrolle statischer Elektrizität sind von elementarer Bedeutung in vielen Industriezweigen, in erster Linie mit Blick auf die potentiellen Gefahren. Daher sind die Erkennung und Vermeidung von Gefahren durch statische Aufladungen immer wichtiger geworden und haben die Entwicklung neuer und präziser Messmethoden befrdert. Andererseits knnen statische Aufladungen auch nutzbringend eingesetzt werden. Vielfältige Anwendungen werden beschrieben.
Statische Elektrizität ? Durchschauen ? Überwachen ? Anwenden informiert zunächst über Brand- und Explosionsgefahren. Entstehung von Aufladung und daraus resultierende Entladungserscheinungen werden veranschaulicht.
Ein großer Teil des Buches befasst sich mit Messtechnik, Vermeidung von Gefahren und Strungen sowie Beseitigung unerwünschter Aufladung. Fallstudien und Beschreibung von Demonstrationsexperimenten vermitteln den Bezug zur Praxis.
Ohne Normen geht es nicht; auch darüber wird berichtet. Der stetig zunehmenden Anwendung statischer Elektrizität ist ein eigenes Kapitel über den gezielten Einsatz von Aufladungen vorbehalten und soll die Kreativität der Leser anregen. Zu guter Letzt sind im Mathematischen Werkzeugkasten alle relevanten Formeln einsortiert.
* Praxisperspektive: geschrieben von Autoren mit langjähriger Forschungs- und Beratungserfahrung
* Durchblick: Beschreibung von Demonstrationsexperimenten zur besseren Veranschaulichung
* Fallstudien: aus den Fehlern Anderer lernen
* Zusatzmaterial: kurze Videos zeigen die - teils drastischen - Auswirkungen statischer Aufladungen
A new, comprehensively updated edition of the acclaimed textbook by F.H. Attix (Introduction to Radiological Physics and Radiation Dosimetry) taking into account the substantial developments in dosimetry since its first edition. This monograph covers charged and uncharged particle interactions at a level consistent with the advanced use of the Monte Carlo method in dosimetry; radiation quantities, macroscopic behaviour and the characterization of radiation fields and beams are covered in detail. A number of chapters include addenda presenting derivations and discussions that offer new insight into established dosimetric principles and concepts. The theoretical aspects of dosimetry are given in the comprehensive chapter on cavity theory, followed by the description of primary measurement standards, ionization chambers, chemical dosimeters and solid state detectors. Chapters on applications include reference dosimetry for standard and small fields in radiotherapy, diagnostic radiology and interventional procedures, dosimetry of unsealed and sealed radionuclide sources, and neutron beam dosimetry. The topics are presented in a logical, easy-to-follow sequence and the text is supplemented by numerous illustrative diagrams, tables and appendices. For senior undergraduate- or graduate-level students and professionals.
Van der Waals Ferroelectrics A comprehensive guide to a unique class of compounds with a variety of applications Since the discovery of graphene, there has been intensive interest in two-dimensional materials with similar electronic and industrial applications. The limitations on the usefulness of graphene itself, however, have powered the search for other materials with similar properties. One such class of materials, the phosphorous chalcogenides, has proven a particularly fruitful avenue for research, due to the favorable band gap and ferroelectric properties of these materials. Van der Waals Ferroelectrics provides, for the first time, a detailed overview of this highly relevant and sought-after class of materials, also known as transition metal chalcogenophosphates (TMCPs). Focusing on physical properties, the book explores the complex physics underlying these compounds as well as the unique characteristics that have driven their ever-increasing importance to the materials science community. Van der Waals Ferroelectrics readers will also find: Both computational and experimental perspectives on TCMP compounds In-depth discussion of the properties essential to the design and construction of devices like sensors, actuators, memory chips, and capacitors The first detailed review of the functional properties of TCMP compounds, such as ferrielectricity, electrostriction, and ionic conductivity Van der Waals Ferroelectrics is a useful reference for materials scientists, inorganic chemists, solid state chemists, solid state physicists, electrical engineers, and libraries supporting these professions.
Polymer Crystallization Control the development of polymer crystals with this groundbreaking introduction Polymer crystallization is a crucial component of polymer development that impacts processing, applications, presentation, and more. Intervention in the polymer crystallization process, in the form of nanofilters, compatibilizers, and more, has the potential to improve optical and chemical properties, improve degrees of crystallinity, and increase the hardness of polymer composites. The myriad applications of crystalline polymers make this one of the most exciting and fast-growing fields in polymer research. Polymer Crystallization provides a comprehensive introduction to this field and its most important recent developments. It characterizes and analysis an expansive range of crystalline polymers and discusses possible mechanisms for influencing their crystallization processes to impact a variety of outcomes and applications. These applications include industries from food packaging to automotive parts to medical and aerospace materials. Polymer Crystallization readers will also find: Detailed treatment of polymer morphology, rheology, modeling, and more Thorough introduction to the fundamentals of polymer crystallization Discussion of environmental safety issues and avenues for future research Polymer Crystallization is a useful reference for materials scientists, polymer scientists, biomedical scientists, and advanced undergraduate and graduate students in these and related fields.
The Handbook of Liquid Crystals is a unique compendium of knowledge on all aspects of liquid crystals. In over 2000 pages the Handbook provides detailed information on the basic principles of both low- and high-molecular weight materials, as well as the synthesis, characterization, modification, and applications (such as in computer displays or as structural materials) of all types of liquid crystals.
The five editors of the Handbook are internationally renowned experts from both industry and academia and have drawn together over 70 leading figures in the field as authors.
The four volumes of the Handbook are designed both to be used together or as stand-alone reference sources. Some users will require the whole set, others will be best served with one or two of the volumes.
Volume 1 deals with the basic physical and chemical principles of liquid crystals, including structure-property relationships, nomenclature, phase behavior, characterization methods, and general synthesis and application strategies. As such this volume provides an excellent introduction to the field and a powerful learning and teaching tool for graduate students and above.
Volumes 2A and 2B concentrate on low-molecular weight materials, for example those typically used in display technology. A high quality survey of the literature is provided along with full details of molecular design strategies, phase characterization and control, and applications development. These volumes are therefore by far the most detailed reference sources on these industrially very important materials, ideally suited for professionals in the field.
Volume 3 concentrates on high-molecular weight, or polymeric, liquid crystals, some of which are found in structural applications and others occur as natural products of living systems. A high-quality literature survey is complemented by full detail of the synthesis, processing, analysis, and applications of all important materials classes. This volume is the most comprehensive reference source on these materials, and is therefore ideally suited for professionals in the field.
Die TNM-Klassifikation ist das weltweit am häufigsten verwendete System für die Beschreibung der anatomischen Ausbreitung maligner Tumoren mit Unterscheidung eines klinischen und eines pathologischen Teils. Die Klassifikation wird in Zusammenarbeit mit der Union for International Cancer Control (UICC) herausgegeben und umfasst im Wesentlichen alle anatomischen Regionen gemäß den WHO-Richtlinien (WHO-Richtlinien zur Klassifikation der Krankheiten für die Onkologie (ICD-O)). Die Beschreibung jeder Region umfasst die klinischen sowie die pathologischen Kriterien für die Bestimmung der T-, N- und M-Kategorien, die Abgrenzung der anatomischen Bezirke bzw. Unterbezirke, eine Definition der regionären Lymphknoten, das histopathologische Grading sowie eine Stadiengruppierung. Die 9. Auflage dokumentiert lückenlos die aktuellen Definitionen der TNM-Tumorklassifikation. Basierend auf neuen Daten zur Prognose und neuen Methoden zur Bestimmung des Tumorgrads wurden einige Tumorentitäten und anatomische Lokalisationen neu eingeführt, bei anderen wurden Modifikationen vorgenommen. Erstmals werden nun auch Tumoren des Gehirns, des Rückenmarks, der Nebenschilddrüsen sowie des Nebennierenmarks klassifiziert.
Refractory organic substances (ROS) are an essential part of the biogeochemical carbon cycle. Wherever there is life on earth, there will also be ROS in the form of poorly biodegradable leftovers of organisms and as a source for new life. Furthermore, it is now beyond doubt that ROS are closely related to the carbon intensity identified as one of the driving forces in the dynamics of green house gas emission, such that ROS play a key role in sustainable development.
'Refractory Organic Substances in the Environment' provides the results of six years of top-priority research, funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG). This research program investigated the structure and function of ROS in different parts of the environment, from a chemical, physical, biological, and soil scientific point of view. It included the first systematic study of a set of reference samples from Central Europe, originating from a bog lake, soil seepage water, groundwater, and from the wastewaters of a brown coal processing plant and a secondary effluent. Thus, this work not only highlights the structural features obtained from the application of advanced analytical tools, but also the function in anthropogenically influenced aquatic systems and soils. Of special interest to students and researchers in life sciences.
This landmark book deals with nonlinear normal modes (NNMs) and nonlinear mode localization. Offers an analysis which enables the study of various nonlinear phenomena having no counterpart in linear theory. On a more theoretical level, the concept of NNMs will be shown to provide an excellent framework for understanding a variety of distinctively nonlinear phenomena such as mode bifurcations and standing or traveling solitary waves.
The Handbook of Liquid Crystals is a unique compendium of knowledge on all aspects of liquid crystals. In over 2000 pages the Handbook provides detailed information on the basic principles of both low- and high-molecular weight materials, as well as the synthesis, characterization, modification, and applications (such as in computer displays or as structural materials) of all types of liquid crystals.
The five editors of the Handbook are internationally renowned experts from both industry and academia and have drawn together over 70 leading figures in the field as authors.
The four volumes of the Handbook are designed both to be used together or as stand-alone reference sources. Some users will require the whole set, others will be best served with one or two of the volumes.
Volume 1 deals with the basic physical and chemical principles of liquid crystals, including structure-property relationships, nomenclature, phase behavior, characterization methods, and general synthesis and application strategies. As such this volume provides an excellent introduction to the field and a powerful learning and teaching tool for graduate students and above.
Volumes 2A and 2B concentrate on low-molecular weight materials, for example those typically used in display technology. A high quality survey of the literature is provided along with full details of molecular design strategies, phase characterization and control, and applications development. These volumes are therefore by far the most detailed reference sources on these industrially very important materials, ideally suited for professionals in the field.
Volume 3 concentrates on high-molecular weight, or polymeric, liquid crystals, some of which are found in structural applications and others occur as natural products of living systems. A high-quality literature survey is complemented by full detail of the synthesis, processing, analysis, and applications of all important materials classes. This volume is the most comprehensive reference source on these materials, and is therefore ideally suited for professionals in the field.
Written by leading Russian scientists, including Nobel laureate, A.M. Prokhorov (1916-2002), this first book on this important technology allows an understanding of the physics of atomic vapor laser isotope separation and new photochemical methods of laser isotope separation.
One entire chapter is devoted to chemical reactions of atoms in excited states, while further chapters deal with the separation of isotopes by one photon isotope-selective and coherent isotope-selective two photon excitation of atoms. A final chapter looks at the prospects for the industrial production of isotope products by laser isotope separation. The whole is rounded off by six appendices.
Thousands of patents address new coating types, new developments, new chemical compositions. However, sometimes coatings is still considered as an "art". This book now deals with questions that are essential for a good performance of this "art": Is there a given process stability? Is there an inherent process capability for a given specification which cannot be improved? What is the right preventive maintenance strategy? Is there a chance to end up with coating process capabilities in the order of other manufacturing processes?
This book is not a pure scientific book. It is of most value for the engineer involved in design, processing and application of thermally spayed coatings:
To understand the capability and limitations of thermal spraying, to understand deposition efficiency (waste of powder) and the importance of maintenance and spare parts for quick change over of worn equipment, to use offline programming and real equipment in an optimum mix to end up with stable processes in production after shortest development time and in the end to achieve the final target in production: process stability at minimum total cost.
Microstructures, electronics, nanotechnology - these vast fields of research are growing together as the size gap narrows and many different materials are combined. Current research, engineering sucesses and newly commercialized products hint at the immense innovative potentials and future applications that open up once mankind controls shape and function from the atomic level right up to the visible world without any gaps.
In this volume, authors from three major competence centres for microengineering illustrate step by step the process from designing and simulating microcomponents of metallic and ceramic materials to replicating micro-scale components by injection molding.
Providing a catalogue of suggested solutions for different categories of issues, this book offers a balanced overview and methodological examples for the practical implementation of the CRA. It considers CRA in the USA, Europe and Germany, using case studies to analyze and exemplify the decision-making processes and challenges involved. The authors then go on to look at the practical lessons learned from these case studies, together with an in-depth discussion of the underlying scientific hypotheses.
Sound scientific knowledge for everyone who makes decisions, whether government ministers, regulators, or company directors.
From skillful handling of the wide range of technologies to successful applications in drug discovery -- this handbook has all the information professional proteomics users need.
Edited by experts working at one of the hot spots in European proteomic research, the numerous contributions by experts from the pharmaceutical industry and public proteomics consortia to provide the necessary perspective on current trends and developments in this exciting field.
Following an introductory chapter, the book moves on to proteomic technologies, such as protein biochips, protein-protein interactions, and proteome analysis in situ. The section on applications includes bioinformatics, Alzheimer's disease, neuroproteomics, plasma and T-cell proteomics, differential phosphoproteome analysis and biomarkers, as well as pharmacogenomics.
Invaluable reading for medicinal and pharmaceutical chemists, gene technologists, molecular biologists, and those working in the pharmaceutical industry.
Covering all aspects of this field, this volume also critically discusses recent results obtained with the use of nitroxides, while providing an analysis of future developments.
Written by a group of scientists with long-term experience in investigating the chemistry, physicochemistry, biochemistry and biophysics of nitroxides, the book is not intended as an exhaustive survey of each topic, but rather a discussion of their theoretical and experimental background, as well as recent advances.
The first four chapters expound the general theoretical and experimental background and the advantages of modern ESR technique. Chapter 5 focuses on fundamentals and recent results in the preparation and basic chemical properties, while the next two chapters briefly outline principles and current results in nitroxides as spin probes, and as redox probes and spin traps. These chapters form the basis for the subsequent more detailed studies of nitroxides in physicochemistry, while the final chapters concentrate on the advantages of magnetic materials on the basis of nitroxides. Finally, the concluding chapter considers the rapidly developing field of biomedical, therapeutic and clinical applications.
With more than 1,100 references to essential literature, this volume provides fundamental knowledge of instrumentation, data interpretation, capacity and recent advantages of nitroxide applications, allowing readers to understand how nitroxides can help them in solving their own problems.
System-level modeling of MEMS - microelectromechanical systems - comprises integrated approaches to simulate, understand, and optimize the performance of sensors, actuators, and microsystems, taking into account the intricacies of the interplay between mechanical and electrical properties, circuitry, packaging, and design considerations. Thereby, system-level modeling overcomes the limitations inherent to methods that focus only on one of these aspects and do not incorporate their mutual dependencies.
The book addresses the two most important approaches of system-level modeling, namely physics-based modeling with lumped elements and mathematical modeling employing model order reduction methods, with an emphasis on combining single device models to entire systems. At a clearly understandable and sufficiently detailed level the readers are made familiar with the physical and mathematical underpinnings of MEMS modeling. This enables them to choose the adequate methods for the respective application needs.
This work is an invaluable resource for all materials scientists, electrical engineers, scientists working in the semiconductor and/or sensor
industry, physicists, and physical chemists.
Microstructures, electronics, nanotechnology - these vast fields of research are growing together as the size gap narrows and many different materials are combined. Current research, engineering sucesses and newly commercialized products hint at the immense innovative potentials and future applications that open up once mankind controls shape and function from the atomic level right up to the visible world without any gaps.
Continuing from the previous volume, authors from three major competence centres for microengineering here cover all aspects of specialized replication techniques and how to employ state-of-the-art technologies for testing and characterizing micro-scale components, and illustrate quality control aspects and strategies for automation of production procedures in view of future industrial production and commercialisation.
A panel of internationally renowned scientists discuss the latest results in plasma technology. This volume has been compiled with both a didactic approach and an overview of the newest achievements for industrial applications. It is divided into two main sections. One is focused on fundamental technology, including plasma production and control, high-pressure discharges, modeling and simulation, diagnostics, dust control, and etching. The section on application technology covers polymer treatments, silicon solar cell, coating and spray, biomaterials, sterilization and waste treatment, plasma propulsion, plasma display panels, and anti-corrosion coatings. The result is an indispensable work for physicists, chemists and engineers involved in the field of plasma technology.
